“Enough political standing to be recognized as a genuine civic equal”

Suppose the law says:

Everyone has equal political rights.

But one racial group is systematically prevented from voting.

Then that group may possess formal political rights, but its ability to exercise those rights is substantially impaired.

“Enough” therefore means:

enough political opportunity and recognition to participate as a member of the political community rather than merely possessing a formal legal status.

“Civic”

Civic means:

relating to participation and membership in public or political community.

So a civic equal is someone regarded as an equal member of the political community.