Does this mean good research is completely subjective?
No.
This is a crucial distinction.
It would be wrong to say:
“Scholars decide what is good, therefore anything they call good is good.”
Academic standards are socially developed, but that does not mean they are arbitrary.
For example:
Accurate quotation of a primary source
can be objectively better than:
Inventing a quotation.
Similarly:
A statistical conclusion based on an inappropriate sample
can objectively have methodological problems even if a prestigious scholar produced it.
So there are two different questions:
Question 1: Are standards socially constructed?
Often, yes.
Question 2: Does social construction mean there are no objective standards of quality?
No.
A standard can be socially developed while still being rationally defensible and evidence-sensitive.
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