Was the early modern Ottoman Empire tolerant? That depends on whom you ask, and when you ask it. Christians and Jews were protected communities who kept their faith and paid the cizye, a poll tax on non-Muslim men. Muslims the state judged heretical were treated very differently. In his study of Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687), Marc Baer shows that even the first half of that picture has its limits. After the great fire of 1660, Hatice Turhan Sultan completed a mosque in Eminönü and the quarter's Jewish residents were moved across the Golden Horn to Hasköy. Jewish palace physicians were told to convert or give up their posts. The sultan converted Christians in person while out hunting. Toleration was real. It was also a policy, and policies could change. These are some of the themes I address in my new post. Check it out and let me know what you think! https://lnkd.in/eHetFvTP Historical analysis of early modern imperial statecraft operates on a different analytical framework from moder...
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The religion of love and peace, right?!?! Muslim father Urfan Sharif forced his daughter Sara to wear a hijab to hide the abuse injuries - until he ultimately took her life. ⠀ Sara Sharif d*ed on 8 August 2023 in the family house on Hammond Road in Horsell, Woking. She was 10. ⠀ Police found her in a bunk bed on 10 August after her father rang Surrey Police from Pakistan and said he had k*lled her. ⠀ A handwritten note under the pillow said, "Whoever see this note, it's me Urfan Sharif who k*lled my daughter by beating." ⠀ The post-mortem counted at least 71 fresh injuries and 25 fractures, including 11 breaks along her spine. The force was compared to a serious road crash. ⠀ Mr Justice Cavanagh told the Old Bailey the campaign was t*rture. "The degree of cruelty involved is almost inconceivable," he said. ⠀ Sara had been burned with a household iron and scalded with hot water. She was bitten and hooded with a plastic bag. ⠀ She was beaten with a cricket bat an...