“Racialized conceptions of who fully belonged”

Racialized means that ideas about race influenced how people were classified or treated.

For example, if a society assumes that:

people of one racial category are naturally suited for political authority,

while another racial category is supposedly suited for subordination,

then race is being used to structure political membership.

“Fully belonging to the political community” means:

being regarded as a full and equal member, rather than merely living within the territory.