People choose people on patterns of words By PROF DR Sohail Ansari

The signs of a hypocrite are three, even if he fasts and prays and claims to be a Muslim: when he speaks he lies, when he gives a promise he breaks it, and when he is trusted he is treacherous.”Source: Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 33, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 59  (Entry to) Paradise is prohibited to slanderers who walk on the path of calumny (i.e. are habitual slanderers).  Al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 369.

People choose not on the totality

·   The seamy side of every holy person is veiled because of the simple reason: people are too immature to accept reality.

Quote:

If I were not an atheist, I would believe in a God who would choose to save people on the basis of the totality of their lives and not the pattern of their words. I think he would prefer an honest and righteous atheist to a TV preacher whose every word is God, God, God, and whose every deed is foul, foul, foul. 
Isaac Asimov

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

What is data collection?

The process by which the researcher collects the information needed to answer the research problem.

When to collect the datan Who will collect the data n How to collect the data n Which data to collect n

 In collecting the data, the researcher must decide: The information gathered about the variables

The research design

The identified hypothesis or research problem

The selection of data collection method should be based on the following:

Degree of objectivity.

 Degree of obtrusiveness.

Degree of quantifiability.

Degree of structure

Degree of objectivity.

An objective perspective is one that is not influenced by emotions, opinions, or personal feelings - it is a perspective based in fact, in things quantifiable and measurable. A subjective perspective is one open to greater interpretation based on personal feeling, emotion, aesthetics, etc.

OBJECTIVE VS. SUBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION

Objective Description: words are “neutral” or “denotative” because they aren’t likely to carry any emotional charge. They convey information but not much feeling about that information. They are neutral because they don’t make you feel positive or negative about the subject they describe. Example: “There was a long line of traffic on 322 today, probably four miles long, and it took me 45 minutes to get from Rt. 1 to I-95.”

Do you get any indication of how this driver feels about the subject (the traffic)? Not really.

Subjective Description: words are positively or negatively charged, or “connotative,” in that they do convey a good or bad impression of their subject. These words convey attitude, feeling, perspective, mood—a positive or negative charge. Example: “There was an endless line of traffic on Rt. 322 today; the road was clogged for four claustrophobic miles; I had to inch my way for 45 minutes before I got to I-95.” (extreme or irrational fear of confined places "the small stuffy room had begun to give him claustrophobia")

No doubt how this driver feels about traffic.

Look closely at “The Five Bedroom, Six Figure Rootless Life.”

She dodges the orange barrels of road-widening crews spreading asphalt in a futile effort to keep up with a north Fulton County population that has swelled to 273,000 from 170,000 in the 90’s, a decade when the city of Atlanta barely grew, to 416,000 from 394,000. Sidewalks start and stop. No one dares ride a bicycle or walk a dog. She crosses over Georgia 400, the clogged artery that pumps hundreds of thousands of commuters into Alpharetta’s glass and brushed-metal office parks and, an hour’s drive south, into downtown Atlanta.

This is an obse rvation of Alpha retta—it is factual in nature—you can recognize it as information that’s been acquired by re search. It’s not impressionistic (with the exception of “No one dares ride a bicycle or walk a dog.”) (based on subjective reactions presented unsystematically.

"a personal and impressionistic view of the war")

and

Kilborne offers it in an objective tone.

She passes developments that from the air look like petri dishes of tadpoles, each head a cul-de-sac. In new subdivisions, signs in fancy script trumpet “price points,” to show relos where to roost: Brookdale, $300’s; Wildwood, $400’s; Wolf Creek, $300’s to $500’s; Quail Hollow, $500’s; Inverness, $600’s to $800’s; White Columns, $700’s to $1.5 million; Greystone, $900’s to $4 million.

This begins with another kind of observation that grows out of the writer’s perspective on his subject. It is impressionistic in nature rathe r than factual ( until you get to the price points).

Subjective description always communicates more than information—it communicate s feeling—Kilborne’s feelings, his impressions. Without saying it directly, the writer implies by his choice of imagery (petri dishes, tadpoles, “roosting” birds) that Alpha retta seems to be a “dehumanized” environment.

                 

Degree of obtrusiveness.

OBTRUSIVE DATA COLLECTION

In obtrusive data collection, the subjects are aware of the fact that they are being studied, which can influence their response or behaviour. Examples of obtrusive data collection methods are questionnaires or interviews.

UNOBTRUSIVE DATA COLLECTION

In unobtrusive data collection, subjects are not aware of the fact that they are being studied and therefore your research does not affect their response or behaviour. The three main types of unobtrusive data are indirect measures, content analysis and secondary analysis of data.

INDIRECT MEASURES

Indirect measures are unobtrusive data collected in an indirect way. These measures are often drawn from information recorded for other purposes than scientific research. Examples of indirect measures are car accidents, house prices, employment rates, social media posts or even garbage.

CONTENT ANALYSIS

Content analysis is used to collect data from documentary sources, for example by extracting major themes, key words or features from (textual) documents. Content analysis is often used to convert textual sources into quantitative information.

SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF DATA

Secondary analysis of data focuses on the re-use of quantitative data instead of textual data. For secondary analysis, information from electronic databases or open access research data depository can be used, like standardized testing data, economic data or consumer data. It is also possible to combine datasets from multiple sources. Find out more about using existing datasets or sharing your own research data.

Secondary data is one type of quantitative data that has already been collected by someone else for a different purpose to yours. For example, this could mean using:data collected by a hotel on its customers through its guest history system.

Degree of quantifiability.

Quantifiability

Quantifiability refers to the ability to refer to or describe something in terms of numbers, rather than in terms of qualitative descriptions.
Sociologist George Ritzer argues that, under consumer culture, things that cannot be quantified are systematically devalued. We measure human worth by income; the value of a meal by portion size; risk by cost/benefit analysis, pitting quality of life against cold cash. Numbers offer a seductive objectivity in making decisions: more is better. The chain with the most stores must be the best. We buy, not the best-tasting sandwich, but the one with the largest pile of unidentifiable ground meat. In the process, we often forget about quality, especially quality of life.

Reflective design aims to question the naturalness of quantifiability, encouraging users to reflect on the extent to which numbers really sum up their lives. The user is put into a situation where quantifiability is pushed to extremes, showcasing the ways in which it can be pathological. For example, the Tenure Ticker highlights the illusion that the frightening and mysterious tenure process can be controlled and understood by reducing quality of intellectual output to an equation. Alternatively, technology designs can suggest ways in which quantified values can be unpacked, as in clocks that measure a personal, subjective time by counting a user's heart beat or breath rate.