Chauvinistic hubris By Prof Dr Sohail Ansari Social Science Research, Abstracts of Articles
“You painted a naked woman because you enjoyed looking at
her, put a mirror in her hand and you called the painting “Vanity,” thus
morally condemning the woman whose nakedness you had depicted for you own
pleasure.” ― John Berger, Ways of Seeing
Hubris betrays weakness
·
Chauvinistic hubris is often a cover-up __ below the surface; it
is an escape from confronting the harsh reality of being the part of weak and
insignificant nation.
·
It betrays hubris on the part of the artist to
think his medium is limiting him, and I think we all recognize this. Steve Albini
Social Science Research, topics &, Abstracts of Articles
(Social science means the scientific study of
human society and social relationships.
A
subject within the field of social science, such as economics or politics.
Plural noun: social sciences)
The social sciences include,
but are not limited to, economics, political science, human geography, demography, management,
psychology, sociology, anthropology, archaeology, jurisprudence, history, and linguistics.
( Linguistics is
the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form,
language meaning, and language in context.)
Social science research is conducted using the scientific method: ask a
question, form a hypothesis, conduct empirical research, draw a conclusion, and evaluate the
conclusion.
Fields of study in which social science research is used include political
science, anthropology, and sociology.
In general, social sciences focus on the study of society and the
relationship among individuals within society. Social science covers a wide spectrum of subjects, including economics, political science, sociology, history,
archaeology, anthropology, and law.
The Importance of the Social Sciences
& USES of Social Sciences
While for many people the words “social sciences” may conjure up images of social workers or teachers, this is a gross misunderstanding of the range of roles available within this discipline, as well as the impact that it has on the wider world. In general, social sciences focus on the study of society and the relationship among individuals within society. Social science covers a wide spectrum of subjects, including economics, political science, sociology, history, archaeology, anthropology, and law. In comparison to STEM sciences, social science is able to provide insight into how science and innovation work – in effect it is the science of science. In particular, social scientists are equipped with the analytical and communication skills that are important throughout many industries and organizations.
What do social scientists do?
Social
scientists are involved with solving many of the world’s biggest
issues, such as violent crime, alternative energy, and cyber security.
They have had profound effects on every part of society.Among the important roles that social science can play is in fighting the spread of infectious diseases. A perfect example is the recent Ebola crisis in West Africa. While part of solving this problem naturally rested on developing a clearer understanding of the pathogens involved and increasing investment in drugs, there were a number of social science needs as well. In particular, it was necessary to understand the people who were suffering from the disease as well as the wider society in which they were living. For example, doctors needed to understand how people’s attitudes were shaped towards such things as hand washing and other sanitary behaviours. It was also necessary to inquire into larger societal questions such as why do states fail, and how can they be rebuilt and strengthened. Additionally, the fight against Ebola needed specialists in administration, markets, drug pricing, human resources, fund raising, and leadership.
In other fields of medicine, social scientists again have much to offer and are working with a variety of organizations in the UK. For example, researchers are currently studying how cancer patients and their carers understand the recent, and on-going, changes in cancer science. Social scientists are also working with the National Institute of Health to provide a clearer picture of patients’ experience with community hospitals. Sociologists are working with the Medical Research Council on the possible causes of poor sleep patterns.
Other examples of the uses of social science abound. The United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defence uses social scientists at think tanks and universities in order to better understand the world and be better able to handle the defence and security challenges it faces every day. In another interesting example, the UK’s Home Office has brought together engineers, criminologists, and auto manufacturers in order to figure out how to build cars that are more difficult to steal. The insight that criminologists can provide into the reasons why people steal, as well as their methods, is of particular importance to this project.
Social scientists are also in great demand in the business world. For example, easyJet sponsors the Consumer Data Research Centre, which uses geo-demographic mapping to provide information to the airline about its customers’ use of services, travel patterns, access to airports, and much more. Companies around the world are often desperate to gain the type of deeper understanding of their customers that social scientists are able to provide. Social scientists have the skills to see the world as others do, as well as find data that others may have missed.
Strengthening
social sciences for the future
It
is clear that social science is of immense importance to societies around the
world, however their still is much work to be done to increase the level of
support that they receive. One of the key programs that have emerged to
champion the social sciences has been the Campaign for Social Science. The
Campaign attempts to inform public policy, build coalitions, and engage in
measured advocacy for support of the social sciences.Another important program that has helped raise the profile of the social sciences is The Future of the UK and Scotland, which, according to its website, “works to illustrate not just the value but the diversity of the social sciences – including resources on immigration policy, higher education, welfare, defence and security, business, currency and the constitution”. Successful programs like the ones listed above have done much to increase general knowledge of, and to secure increased funding for, the social sciences.
The choice between STEM and the social sciences is really a false one; society needs people trained in both. In order to formulate effective solutions for society and to understand the implications of those solutions, a mix of both STEM and social sciences will be required. Social science is already increasingly engaged in collaborative cross-disciplinary work in diverse fields such as engineering, medicine, computing, biology, and mathematics. It is clear that no subject area can stand alone, walled off from the outside, and that social science can play an important role in all fields. (Read more at https://www.studyinternational.com/news/the-importance-of-the-social-sciences/#c8VOdC1hVUmiChH3.99
Social
science research investigates human behavior. This lesson defines
social science research, explains the methods used and the topics studied
within the field.
What is Social Science Research
Have you ever wondered why people behave in certain ways? How about the way someone thinks or
approaches a new situation? Well, social science research works to answer many of the questions we have about human behavior. Through scientific study,
social science research seeks to understand the hows and
whys of human behavior.
Methods
Social science researchers follow the five steps of the scientific
method to conduct their research.
Step
1
The scientific method begins with a question or curiosity. An
example of a research question might be the following:
Does texting while driving increase the rate of car accidents?
Step
2
After a research question is determined, social science
researchers must form a hypothesis. A hypothesis is
an educated guess regarding what the researchers expect to find. Usually, social
science researchers base their hypotheses on previous research in the field. In the case of our texting and driving example,
researchers might hypothesize that texting while driving increases car
accidents because previous research determined this.
Step 3
The third step that social science researchers take is to test
the hypothesis through empirical research.
Empirical research is the
process of collecting and analyzing data. This can be done through descriptive research, experimental research, or correlational
research.
Descriptive research describes a
behavior.
In our example, descriptive research might
describe commonalities among those who are most likely to text and drive.
Experimental research manipulates
variables to measure changes in other variables. More specifically, social
science researchers manipulate the independent variable to see how that
manipulation changes the dependent variable.
For our example, experimental research might compare accident rates in those who
text and drive versus those who do not text and drive. The behavior of texting
and driving would be the independent variable while the outcome (accident or no accident) would be the dependent variable.
Correlational research examines
the relationships, if any, between variables. For our
example, we might find that younger drivers have an increased rate of
accidents while texting and driving. This would show a correlation between age
and rate of accidents.
Step
4
The fourth step followed by social science researchers is to draw conclusions based on their
data. In our example, we might conclude that texting while driving increases
the rate of car accidents.
Step
5
The final step that researchers must follow is to evaluate their
conclusions. In other words, how do these findings
increase our understanding of human behavior? Sometimes,
the final step of evaluation leads to future research. For example, if our texting and driving research indicated a
gender difference in texting behavior, we might want to conduct additional
research to determine why one sex is more likely to text and drive than the
other.
Research topics:
Abstracts of Articles
& Outlines
Social Science Research
Editor: Stephanie Moller
Social Science
Research
Disability
and social participation: The case of formal and informal volunteering
Show more
Outline
3. 1. Introduction
4. 2. Volunteering
as social participation
o
2.1. Formal
versus informal volunteering
o
2.2. Commitment
to voluntary organizations
o
2.3. Initial
involvement in volunteer organizations
5. 3. Disability
and volunteering
o
3.1. Existing
research
o
3.2. Barriers
to volunteer participation for people with disabilities
o
3.3. Heterogeneity
among people with disabilities
6. 4. Data and
methods
o
4.1. Data
source and initial sample
o
4.2. Dependent
measures
o
4.3. Disability
o
4.4. Other
independent measures
o
4.5. Analytic
sample and strategy
7. 5. Results
o
5.1. Univariate
and bivariate results
o
5.2. Multivariate
results
o
5.3. Predicted
values by sociodemographic differences
8. 6. Discussion
and conclusions
o
6.1. Limitations
and future directions
o
6.2. Implications
9. Funding and
Acknowledgements
10.
Appendix
11.
References
Abstract
People
with disabilities in the United States experience lower levels of social
integration than people without disabilities. However, less is known about the association between disability and
volunteer participation—despite
an extensive literature on other disparities in volunteerism. This study uses
data from the 2009–2015 Volunteer Supplement of the Current Population Survey
to evaluate how working-aged adults with sensory disabilities, cognitive
disabilities, physical disabilities, or multiple disabilities access,
participate in, and maintain volunteer roles.
Net of
sociodemographic characteristics, adults with disabilities are no less likely
than those without disabilities to report informal volunteering, although the
presence of physical and multiple disabilities negatively associates with
formal volunteering. Adults with disabilities report no fewer annual hours or
weeks than those without disabilities if they are formal volunteers, but the
mechanism through which they initially become involved in volunteer
organizations varies. People with different types of disability experience
different patterns of volunteering, and the sociodemographic characteristics
associated with having a disability exacerbate many of these differences.
Results suggest that adults with disabilities can—and do—participate in
voluntary work, but may face barriers to accessing formal volunteer roles.
Keywords:
Volunteering
Disability
Functional
limitation
Nonmarket
work
Inclusion
United
States
The
relationship between societal change and rising support for gender
egalitarianism among men and women: Results from counterfactual analyses in the
Netherlands, 1979–2012
Outline
3. 1. Introduction
4. 2. Theory
and hypotheses
o 2.1. Demographic
change: cohort replacement
o 2.2. Social,
cultural, and economic changes
§ 2.2.1. Educational
expansion
§ 2.2.2. Secularization
§ 2.2.3. Feminization
of the labor force
5. 3. Data
and measurements
6. 4. Analytical
strategy
o 4.1. Multivariate
regression analysis
o 4.2. Counterfactual
simulation analyses
7. 5. Results
o 5.1. The
trend in support for gender egalitarianism for men and women
o 5.2. Results
from multivariate regression analysis
o 5.3. Results
from counterfactual analysis
8. 6. Conclusion
and discussion
9. Appendix.
10.
References
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between important social,
cultural, economic, and demographic changes and the rise of support for gender egalitarianism within the Dutch population
between 1979 and 2012. Cohort replacement, educational expansion,
secularization, and the feminization of the labor force are important processes
that have taken place in western societies in ways that may have fostered
support for gender egalitarianism. Using unique data from 16 repeated
cross-sectional surveys in the Netherlands, we estimate age-period-cohort
regression models, and the outcomes are subsequently applied in counterfactual
simulation designs. Our results show that the social, cultural, economic, and
demographic changes explain only a small part of the modest rise in support for
gender egalitarianism for men, while they provide a much better explanation of
the stronger rise among women. Especially the replacement of older female
cohorts by younger ones seems to have propelled support for gender
egalitarianism among women throughout the years.
11.
Keywords
12. Age-period-cohort
analysis
13. Gender egalitarianism
14. Educational expansion
15. Secularization
16. Female labor force
participation
17. Counterfactual
analysis
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